System of electrical distribution.



APPLICATION FILED JULYZZ, 1903.

Patented 001;.25, 1910.

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A. S. HUBBARD. SYSTEM OF ELEGTRIGAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22, 1903. 974,063, Patented Oct. 25, 1910. 2SHEETS-SHEET Z.

UNITED STATES FATEIEJT ALBERT S. HUBBARD, OF GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT,ASSIGNOR '10 GQULD STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patent d @01 25, 191 Originalapplication filed February 20, 1902, Serial No. 94,914.

Divided. and this application filed July 22,

1903. Serial No. 186,582.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT S. HUBBARD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Greenwich, in the county of Fairfield, State of Connecticut,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems ofElectrical Distribution, of which the tol lowing is a specification.

This application is a division of a former application for LettersPatent, filed by me February 20, 1902, Serial No. 94-31%, patented Feb.lat, 1905, No. 7 2,340, and the invention herein relates more especiallyto systems of distribution having a regulating dynamo.

One object of this invention is to provide means for overcoming the lackof sensitiveness of the regulating dynamo to certain fluctuations in theload and prevent such fluctuations from falling upon the generator in anundue amount.

in one embodiment of my invention 1 provide an induction deviceresponsive to electrical changes in the distribution circuit and whichinfluences the regulating dynamo or booster in order to cause the latterto respond more quickly to sudden changes in the load. The invention,therefore, is more especially applicable to systems of a char acterwhich are liable to experience sudden changes in the load, for instance,distribution systems for operating elevators, street railways, and othermotor or power circuits.

Further objects, features and advantages will more clearly appear fromthe detailed description given below taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings which form a part of this specification.

Figure l of the drawings illustrates diagrammatically one form of myinvention with the induction device arranged in the work circuit proper.*ig. 2 is a similar view illustrating the induction device in thegenerator circuit. F 3 is a similar view illustrating a furthermodification. 4- is a similar view illustrz'itnig a still furtherlllOv'llilCtll'lOll.

in the several views or the drawings similar letters or referenceindicate corresponding features.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents the main l l l l l J l l l l l l l l Il l l l l g I ondary 6 connected source of electromotive force orgenerator supplying the distribution circuit- 4: for a load such as isrepresented by the numeral 10, which is subject to considerablefluctuation.

1 represents the booster and 11 represents a storage battery, thebooster 1 being ar ranged in the battery connection. The

booster l is provided with field coils 2 and 3, coil 2 being in seriesin the generator circuit and coil 3 is a shunt coil connected to anyconvenient source of approximately constant electro-motive force, suchas for instance, across the battery terminals. Any suitable regulatingmeans for these coils may be employed such as a rheostatic resistance,as indicated at 12.

The induction device is indicated by the numerals and (l and is of thenature of a transformer having the primary 5 connected so as to beresponsive to fluctuations in the load on the work circuit, and havingthe secso as to influence the booster field. I

The voltage relation between the generator 1 and the battery 11 may beany relation desired, for instance, the battery may have a voltage equalto the generator volt age, under which condition, with an aver age load,the battery will be neutral, neither charging nor discharging. Thus,with this arrangement and adjustment, an increase of load will cause abooster E. M. F. assisting the battery to discharge and a decrease ofload will cause a booster E. M. F. in the opposite direction assistingthe battery to charge, so that substantially all the variousfluctuations in load upon the system are taken by the battery and theload upon the generator is maintained substantially constant. Or thebattery voltage may be less than the generator voltage, under whichcondition the booster is regulated to supply an E. iii. F. equal to thedifference, so that under average conditions similar results occur as inthe first instance, an increase of load causing an increase of boosterE. M. F. assisting the battery to discharge, and a decrease in loadcutting down the booster M. F. to permit the battery to charge. Also thebattery may have a greater voltage than the generator, under whichconditions the booster will be adjusted to give, with the average load,an E M. F. opposing that of the battery equal to the difference. Viththis arrangement an increase in load will result in reducing the boosterE. M. F. permitting the battery to discharge and the decrease in loadwill result in an increased booster voltage causing the battery tocharge. The adjustment and winding of the booster field coils and of theinduction apparatus to bring about the desired results to meet theconditions of the system will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art.

In order to more specifically describe the position of the'inductiondevice and the arrangement of the booster field coils I have employedthe term distribution circuit to indicate the entire circuit from thegenerator terminals through the load. The consumption or work circuit ismeant to signify the circuit from the junction of the booster andbattery to the generator lead and through the load. The generatorcircuit is from the generator to the junction of the battery and boosterlead with the line. Therefore a coil in the generator circuit and a coilin the work circuit are both in the distribution circuit.

In Fig. l the primary 5 of the induction device is arranged in the workcircuit proper. In this position the induction device is responsive tothe fluctuations in the entire load. TVith this arrangement the systemacts as follows:

A sudden increase of load causes an increase of current in the primary5. This induces an electromotive force in the secondary 6 in a directionto oppose the electromotive force normally impressed upon the boosterfield 3 and the booster field coil 2 therefore predominates. Thisresults in a booster electromotive force causing the battery todischarge to take the increased load. However, as soon as the change inload ceases the electromotive force in the coil (3 ceases and thereforethe regulating action of the induction device ceases. However, by thistime the increase of load through the field coil 2 is felt by thebooster 1 and this increase in strength of the field coil 2 willmaintain the booster action at its proper value until some furtherchange in the electrical condition of the system occurs. Thus thesluggishness of the booster is over come. Upon reversed conditions. thatis, with a drop in the load the electromotive force induced in thesecondary 6 will be in the opposite direction thereby causing field coil3 to predominate to cause the battery to charge.

In Fig. 2 the primary of the induction device is shown connected in thegenerator circuit proper, that is, in the circuit between the generatorand the booster connection.

In this position the induction device re sponsivo to all. fluctuationswhich fall upon the generator.

In Fig. 3 the primary of the induction device is shown connected inshunt to the booster field coil 2. YVith this arrangement the generatorload current passes through the primary 5 of the booster coil 2 inaccordance with the relative impedance of the two paths.

In Fig. t the booster field coil 2 divided into two sections 2 and 2booster lead being connected portion of the coil, as shown. The twoportions of the coil are wound and so connected that their efiect iscumulative and their relative effects may be adjusted by means ofrheostats as desired. In this modification the induction device isresponsive in part to variations in the total generator current and inpart to variations in the work circuit current. In each of the figures,however, the general operation of the systems is the same as thatdescribed with reference to Fig. l. The induction device 5, 6 acts tocause the effects of self induction and mutual induction in the boosterl to be cut down or eliminated, so that the booster action is much morequickly responsive to load changes. From the above it will also beapparent that the quicker the fluctuation of load the quicker and thegreater will be the action of the induction device since its actiondepends upon the rate of change of currentin the primary 5. As soon asthe current in the primary 5 becomes substantially con stant thetransformer ceases to act but the booster field coil 2 provides thenecessary excitation in order to cause the booster to provide the properregulation.

From the above it will be apparent that I have provided an exceptionallyefficient and economical arrangement for bringing about the variousadvantages mentioned and although 1 have described my improvements ingreat detail, nevertheless I do not desire to be limited to such detailsexcept as specified hereinafter in the claims.

Having fully and clearly described my invention what I claim and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The combination of a distribution circuit, a storage battery inoperative relation thereto, means for the battery is shown the regulatmgaction responsive to electrical fluctuations on the distributioncircuit, and an induction device responsive to electrical fluctuationson the distribution circuit and arranged to cause similar fluctuationsin the battery.

2. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a distributioncircuit therefor, a storage battery in operative relation thereto, atransformer connected to have its prito the central mary responsive toelectrical fluctuations on the distribution circuit, and means wherebythe transformer may ause the charge or discharge of the batteryresponsive to said fluctuations.

A system 01 electrical distribution comprising a distribution circuitand its source, a storage battery connected therewith, a booster in thebattery connection, means for causing the booster to respond toelectrical fluctuations on the distribution circuit, and an inductionmeans responsive to load fluctuations on the distribution circuit andconnected with the booster field to cause the booster to respond to saidfluctuations.

a. A system of electrical distribution comprising a distribution circuitand its source, a storage battery connected therewith, a booster in thebattery connection, means for causing the booster to respond toelectrical fluctuations on the distribution circuit, and a transformerconnected to have its primary responsive to electrical fluctuations onthe distribution circuit, for causing the charge or discharge of thebattery responsive to said fluctuations.

5. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage battery connected therewith, a boosterin the battery connection, field windings for said booster, one of saidwindings in series with the generator, and an induction deviceresponsive to load fluctuations in the distribution circuit, andconnected with the other of said booster field windings.

('3. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage battery connected therewith, a boosterin the battery connection, field windings for said booster, one of saidwindings in series with the generator, and the other of said windingsconnected across the battery terminals, and an induction deviceconnected with said last named booster field winding and responsive toload fluctuations in the distribution circuit.

7. A. system of electrical distribution comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage battery connected therewith, a boosterin the battery connection, field, windings for said booster, one of saidwindings in series with the generator, and an induction device havingits primary in the distribution circuit and responsive to loadfluctuations therein, the secondary of said induction device connectedin circuit with the other of said booster field windings.

A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage battery connected therewith, a boosterin the battery connection, field windings for said booster, one of saidfield 1 I I I l I l l l l l l l l I windings in series with thegenerator and the other of said windings connected acres the batteryterminals, and an induction device having its primary in thedistribution circuit and responsive to load fluctuations therein, andits secondary connected with the last named booster field winding.

system of electrical distribution comprising a source of electricrlenergy, a distribution circuit in operative relation thereto, acompensatory storage battery therefor, means for regulating the chargeor discharge of the battery in accordance with fluctuations of load onsaid circuit, and a transformer connected to have its primary responsiveto electrical fluctuations on the distribution circuit, for causing thecharge or discharge ot the battery responsive to said fluctuations.

10. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage batteryconnected therewith, a booster inthe battery connection, field windings for said booster, one of saidfield windings in series with the generator, and an induction devicehaving its primary in the generator circuit and responsive to loadfluctuations therein, and its secondary connected with the other of saidbooster field windings.

11.21 system of electrical distribution, comprising a distributioncircuit, a storage battery connected therewith, a booster in the batteryconnection, field windings for said booster, one of said windings inseries with the generator and the other of said windings connectedacross the battery terminals, and an induction device having its primaryin the generator circuit and responsive to load fluctuations therein,and its secondary connected with the last named booster field winding.

12. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage battery connected therewith, a boosterin the battery connection. field windings for said booster, one of saidfield windings in series with the generator, and an induction deviceresponsive to load fluctuations in the distribution circuit and havingits primary connected as a shunt tor the said booster field winding, andits secondary connected with another of the booster field windings.

1 1A. system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit, a storage battery connected therewith. a boosterin the battery connection, field windings for said booster, comprisingheavy field windings in series with the generator, and connected withthe booster and battery, and an induction device responsive to loadfluctuations in the distribution circuit, said induction device havingits primary con nected as a shunt to the heavy booster field windings,and its secondary connected with another of said booster field windings.

let. A system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution cir cuit supplied therefrom, and comprising the generatorcircuit and the load circuit, a

storage battery connected to the distribution circuit, and a booster inthe battery connection, field-windings for said booster, one of which isin series in the generator circuit, and an induction device responsiveto load fluctuations in the distribution circuit, and connected withanother of said booster field windings.

1. system of electrical distribution, comprising a generator, adistribution circuit supplied therefrom, and comprising the generatorcircuit and the load circuit, a storage battery connected to thedistribution circuit, and a booster in the battery connection, fieldwindings for the booster, one of said field windings in series in thegenerator circuit and the other of said windings connected across thebattery terminals, and an induction device responsive to fluctuations inthe load and connected with the last named booster field winding.

16. A generator and its work circuit, a storage battery and booster inparallel therewith, a transformer having its primary responsive tofluctuations of the work circuit and its secondary operatively arrangedin respect to the booster field, and means for maintaining theexcitation of the booster field produced by the transformer,substantially as described.

17. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of asubstantially constant source'of electromotive force, a distributioncircuit, induction apparatus therein, a regulating dynamo provided withopposing field coils, one of said coils being arranged to have a currentvarying in intensity with the load on said circuit and the other of saidcoils being connected to the substantially constant source ofelectromotive force and to said induction apparatus.

18. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a.substantially constant source of electromotive force, a direct cur rentdistribution circuit, a regulating dynamo in operative relation theretoprovided with two field coils the magnetomotive force of one of whichvaries with the l l l l l l l l load of the system and the other ofwhich is connected to the substantially constant source of electromotiveforce and means for causing the magneto-motive force of the latter tovary as the rate of change of said load.

19. In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of adistribution circuit, a regulating circuit in operative relationthereto, a regulating dynamo therefor, a field coil for said dynamoarranged to produce a magneto-motive force which varies as the load onthe system, and another held for said dynamo, and means for causing themagneto-motive force of said last mentioned coil to vary as the rate ofchange of said load.

20. in an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a sourceof electromotive force, adistribution circuit, a regulating dynamoprovided with opposing field coils one of said coils having amagneto-motive force which varies responsive to load changes on saidcircuit and the other of said coils being connected to the source ofelectromotive force, and means for causing the magneto-motive force ofsaid last mentioned coil to vary responsive to the rate of change ofsaid load.

21. in an electrical system of distribution, the combination of a directcurrent distribution circuit, a storage apparatus in operative relationthereto and regulating apparatus therefor including a dynamo havingmeans for causing its field flux to vary responsive to load variationson the circuit and means for also causing said flux to vary responsivelyto the rate of change of said load.

22. In an electrical system of distribution, a distribution circuit, acompensatory storage battery in operative relation thereto, a boosterfor the battery and a transformer connected to be responsive toelectrical fluctuations of said circuit for regulating the booster tocause the battery to charge or discharge responsive to saidfluctuations.

23. In an electrical system of distribution, a distribution circuit, acompensatory storage battery therefor, and means responsive to changesof current in the distribution circuit for causing the charge ordischarge of the battery responsive to the rate of change of load onsaid distribution circuit current.

24;, In an electrical system of distribution, the combination of adirect current distribution circuit, a regulating dynamo provided withregulating field coils, and means for causing said field coils toproduce a flux which will vary substantially coincidently and at thesame rate as the current in said distribution circuit.

25. In an electrical system of distribution, a distribution circuit, acompensatory storage battery therefor, a booster for the battery, andmeans responsive to changes of current in the distribution circuit forcausing the booster to regulate the charge or discharge of the batteryresponsive to the rate of change of load on said distribution circuitcurrent.

In an electrical system of distribution, a distribution circuit, acompensatory storage battery therefor, a booster for the battery, and atransformer responsive to changes of current in the distribution circuitdynamo to regulate the charge and discharge for cal'lsing the booster toregulate the of the apparatus responsive to changes in charge ordischarge of the battery responload on said circuit and induction meanssive to the rate of change of said distribu- J responsive to changes inload 011 said circuit 5 tion circuit current. and acting to quicken theaction of said 15 27. In an electrical system of distribution dynamo.

a distribution circuit, a compensatory stor- ALBERT S. HUBBARD. ageapparatus in operative relation thereto, Witnesses: a regulating dynamotor said apparatus, CHARLES M. GOULD,

10 having field windings for causing the J. HOMER REED.

